The Ministry of Environmental Protection monitors the burning of straw burning points by 281 more than last week.

Recently, Beijing, Tianjin, Harbin and other cities have issued air pollution warnings, and the problem of crop straw burning, which is one of the air pollution factors, has once again caused concern.

Incineration of smog, people’s tears and DCs increase their accountability

The “Xinhua Viewpoint” reporter recently drove on the highway in Heilongjiang, and often saw the smoke from the straw in the farmland. Some roads are so thick that they can't see the vehicle in front, and the smoke that gets into the car is a sigh of tears. Incineration at night is even more serious. There are obvious contiguous fire spots on both sides of the Hahei Highway. Some roads in the Songnen Plain are surrounded by large and small fires.

Fang Chunsheng, a professor at the College of Environment and Resources at Jilin University, said that burning straw produces particulate matter, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, etc., which can cause pollution to the atmosphere under adverse conditions of diffusion. “Potasium is a symbolic element produced by burning straw. Potassium ions are detected in the air in some straw burning areas, which proves that straw burning is one of the 'culprits' of air pollution in some areas.”

"Unlike the gas emitted from the chimney of a coal-fired boiler up to 100 meters, the impact of straw burning is generally low-air air, so the pollution of urban and rural air is more direct." Fang Chunsheng said.

In response to this phenomenon, more efforts have been made to increase the accountability for straw open burning. Harbin City requires that once there is a burning point of straw burning, the local farmers will be dealt with according to law, and the responsibility of the occupants and Baocun cadres will be investigated. In Jilin Province, individuals who do not listen to dissuasion and arbitrarily burn straw in open air shall be punished according to the relevant provisions of public security administration; if air pollution accidents caused by straw burning cause serious consequences to constitute a crime, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law. In Henan Province, a large amount of fines were issued for areas that violated the ban on straw burning, and a straw burning point was found, and the county’s finance was 500,000 yuan.

But the ban did not stop the straw burning. The Ministry of Environmental Protection Environmental Satellite Straw Burning Remote Sensing Monitoring Weekly reported that 1,336 straw burning points were detected during the period from October 30 to November 5, an increase of 281 over the previous week. The fire point involves 15 provinces, 65 cities, and 165 counties. The northeast grain producing area is the “hardest hit area” of the straw burning monitoring cycle, and 1259 fire stations were monitored in the four provinces of Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning and Inner Mongolia.

From "a bundle of a few cents" to the air pollution factor straw treatment gap

"A dozen years ago, each family planted 10 mu of 20 mu of land, and the straw was not willing to throw." Wang Qiang said that all kinds of fire, heating, feeding cattle and sheep use straw, and can also sell straw to other farmers. A bundle can sell a few cents.

Today, straw has become an intractable waste. "On the one hand, after the land transfer, the number of contracted land is increased, and the amount of straw is increasing. On the other hand, there are more straw substitutes, and there are fewer rural straws for cooking and feeding cattle." Wang Qiang said that farmers have electric rice at home. Pots, induction cookers and other electrical appliances, many pastures directly use silage corn as feed, the previously useful straw is increasingly useless.

Some local cadres introduced that the peasants planted one farmland and the straw was digested in a family and a village, basically "self-circulation." Now, with the accelerated scale of land operations, the straw has increased substantially, and the original circulation channels have been reduced at the same time. The combination of the two factors has made the problem of straw burning more prominent.

As the straw changes from “treasure” to “waste”, the gap in straw processing capacity is highlighted.

“One mu of soybeans produce about 400 kg of straw, and the amount of straw in 1200 mu of land is nearly 500,000 kg. But my family does not have straw processing machinery, and there is no straw treatment plant in the whole county.” A large grain grower in Heilongjiang Province told reporters.

Liu Shuqiang, head of Neihe Jinyang Biofuel Co., Ltd. in Heilongjiang Province, said: "The company's location is about 400,000 mu of cultivated land in Nenan Town. We can only radiate 20,000 mu of nearby villages, which is far from meeting the needs of farmers."

The reporter learned that this year's target area for straw returning to Heilongjiang Province is 54 million mu, but the existing cultivated land in Heilongjiang Province is about 200 million mu. According to other data, the annual amount of corn stalks that can be collected in the Northeast is about 170 million tons, but the utilization rate is less than 50%.

Relevant departments have carried out pilot projects for comprehensive utilization of straw in 10 provinces and regions where crop straw burning is more prominent. Heilongjiang Province has integrated 300 million yuan to focus on subsidies for turning plows and improving the ability of straw to be buried and returned to the field.

Increase the comprehensive utilization of straw to fill the shortcomings of agricultural socialization services

Agricultural experts believe that in order to solve the increasingly prominent problem of straw burning, in addition to strengthening strict management and accountability, it is necessary to pay attention to the deep contradiction behind it - the contradiction between increasingly modern agricultural production and relatively backward agricultural socialization services .

The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed to improve the agricultural socialization service system and realize the organic connection between small farmers and modern agricultural development. Experts believe that this has pointed out the way to solve the problem of straw burning that has troubled many places in the country.

“Behind the pollution of straw burning, it exposes the short-board problem of agricultural post-production services in China, which must be supplemented by the construction of a modern service system.” He Jiang, the former chief agricultural engineer of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, introduced from the experience of developed countries such as the United States. The main way out of straw is to rely on advanced agricultural services to achieve returning to the field. We can learn from advanced experience, increase the input of mechanical equipment allocation such as straw collection and processing through the implementation of agricultural socialization services, increase the subsidies for production materials such as straw decomposing agents, and solve the problem of insufficient agricultural facilities and high cost of straw returning in straw processing.

Shao Qiyi, deputy director of the Agricultural Bureau of Nehe City, suggested that large-scale agricultural machinery cooperatives should be encouraged to introduce straw processing machinery, and the problem of inadequate coverage of straw processing machinery should be solved by cooperative cooperatives.

“It is also possible to use straw processing enterprises as a starting point to reduce the cost of straw processing by farmers through the purchase of services by the government and promote the market utilization of straw.” Wang Wenhai, manager of Lanxi County Wenhai Biomass Energy Development Co., Ltd. in Heilongjiang Province, suggested that the straw industry should be R&D has given scientific research projects and financial support, and promoted the industrial utilization of straw in many aspects.