Although growth is fast, it is difficult to promote difficult new energy buses.
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“200 new energy buses in Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia, will be on the road.†“New energy buses will account for more than 80% of the buses in Chancheng City this year.†... News such as these have been frequently reported in newspapers recently, and new energy buses are likely to be a plight.
Demonstration and application in the public transport sector is the strategic direction for the promotion of new energy vehicles in China. After three years of promotion of the “Ten Cities, Thousand Vehicles†demonstration project, more than 50 urban public transport companies have demonstrated and applied new energy public transportation. As of December last year, there were approximately 27,800 new energy vehicles in the country, of which 80% were buses. Wan Gang, Minister of Science and Technology, also said during the two sessions this year that new energy vehicles will continue to focus on public transportation.
"Overall, the growth of new energy vehicles in the public transport sector is very fast, but for auto manufacturers, we still feel more difficult in the promotion process." Liu Guoqiang, deputy general manager of Beiqi Foton Motor Co., Ltd., told reporters.
Announcement management system can be further improved
As the world's largest pure electric vehicle demonstration vehicle manufacturer, Beiqi Foton has more than 6,000 new energy vehicles operating globally, including 3,908 pure electric vehicles and a total of 300 pure electric buses operating in China. Liu Guoqiang believes that if the policies are further streamlined, the promotion of new energy vehicles in the public transportation field can be faster.
"The announcement management of new energy vehicles is a restriction for us." Liu Guoqiang said. The "Announcement on the Release of New Energy Vehicle Manufacturing Enterprises and Product Access Management Rules" issued in 2009 divided new energy vehicles into starting, development and maturing products.
“The new energy vehicles using lithium batteries belong to the development period and can only be sold in 25 demonstration and promotion cities for energy-saving and new energy vehicles. However, they actually demonstrate cities outside cities, such as Zhongshan and Sanmenxia, ​​to purchase new energy vehicles. The enthusiasm is high," said Liu Guoqiang.
In fact, the “Circular on the Expansion of the Demonstration and Extension Scope of Public Transport Buses for Hybrid Cities†released last year expands the range of hybrid buses (including plug-in hybrid buses) from the current 25 model cities to the entire country. city. Liu Guoqiang believes that this policy is a boon to the promotion of hybrid buses and should apply equally to pure electric vehicles.
Local protectionism to be broken
In addition, Liu Guoqiang believes that local protectionism is also a major obstacle. “Local governments always prioritize local companies rather than performance as the primary factor, and the technological advancement of good products cannot be reflected.†Liu Guoqiang said that Beiqi Foton can only enter six or seven out of 25 demonstration cities because other cities There are local depots.
This point of view was corroborated by Li Shihao, chairman of the Science and Technology Branch of China Urban Public Transport Association. "For example, if a certain place wants to buy new energy buses, it will order local companies' battery products." He believes that companies in other regions will not be able to enter the new energy vehicle market in this area, resulting in the concentration of new energy industries in China. Low and small scale.
He said that currently there are only 40 or so car manufacturers in the world (except China), but in China, only about 130 passenger car manufacturers and two-thirds of them are developing new energy vehicles, resulting in new The research and development power of energy vehicles is too scattered.
In addition, the subsidy policies introduced by local governments are tailor-made for local companies. It is generally difficult for car companies to enter new markets. “We hope to have a relatively fair competitive environment.†Liu Guoqiang believes that the subsidy policy currently implemented outside the 25 model cities should be promoted, that is, the central government directly subsidizes the enterprises and subsidizes the actual energy-saving effect in order to reduce local protection. .
It is understood that Miao Miao, Minister of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology recently stated that the new subsidy policy for new energy vehicles and energy-saving vehicles will no longer be divided according to the previous hybrid and pure electric technology route, but will be divided into 16 grades according to the fuel saving rate. The better the fuel economy, the more subsidies. Analysis of the industry, which indicates that the relevant resources will be further concentrated to the dominant companies. It has been alleged that a change in the subsidy policy may be "balancing local subsidies to change their own governance and eliminate protectionism."
Simply relying on government subsidies is not a long-term solution
"At present, the technology of hybrid vehicles is mature, the next step is to improve performance, but the promotion of pure electric vehicles must first break through the battery technology." Liu Guoqiang believes that for public transport users, the cost is still the second most important It is easy to use.
“The key to the development of electric vehicles is to balance battery power, weight and operation mode.†Liu Guoqiang further explained that batteries with large capacity must be heavier, resulting in low bus payloads and the number of buses required for one line. Increase. This is difficult for bus companies to accept. In addition, buses are mostly operated in the city center, and it is also difficult to establish large-scale charging stations in the downtown area.
Based on this, Liu Guoqiang believes that hybrid vehicles will continue to be the key promotion models for the next two or three years. Li Shihao also frankly stated that the current pure electric buses are incomplete due to factors such as battery technology and charging facilities. As a strategic model, it should keep pace with the times. In addition, at present, the promotion of new energy buses mainly depends on government subsidies, but sooner or later it is necessary to “weaning,†and it is necessary to accelerate the marketization.
“Chongqing Public Transport is exploring the new energy bus model. It is worth learning from it. Formulating a commercial model and determining the charging infrastructure can achieve the perfect combination of vehicles and technology. It is not a long-term plan to rely solely on government subsidies.†Li Shihao believes that the development of new energy buses should speed up. With scale, industrialization, marketization, cost reduction, and cost-effectiveness, we have the advantage of competing with traditional passenger cars.
“At present, the number of new energy buses in China is not small, but the performance needs to be further improved.†Li Shihao suggested that bus companies should speed up the cultivation and upgrading of core technologies, improve supporting facilities, increase the scale of demonstration, and develop according to local conditions.