Flotation of non-ferrous metals from pyrite-arsenic pyrite ore abroad
Pyrite and arsenopyrite ore symbiosis, which contain dispersed non-ferrous metal sulfide, precious metals and rare metals containing both, at the fine grinding conditions, using the amino acid collector, direct flotation method, a Recycle these metals. A more suitable method is to first sort the mixed concentrate of the sulfide mineral under the condition of coarse grinding, and then mix the concentrate and re-grind to carry out the separation flotation of the non-ferrous metal sulfide. Re-grinding pyrite and arsenic pyrite concentrate with a fineness of -0.044 mm and adding a fixed amount of sodium salt (NaCl, Na 2 SO 4 , Na 2 under liquid: solid = 3:1) CO 3 ), stirring was carried out, and then 300 g/ton of sodium anthranilate was added in a concentrate to carry out flotation. Table 1 Mixed concentrate flotation test results Test number product name Yield % grade Recovery rate,% Pharmacy Cu,% Ag, g/t Cu Ag Arsenic pyrite concentrate 1 Foam product 9.3 1.5 43.7 12.5 12.0 Anthranilic acid In-tank product 90.7 1.07 33.0 87.5 88.0 Raw concentrate 100 1.11 34.0 100 100 2 Foam product 17.6 2.93 65.3 43.9 40.5 NaCl or Na 2 SO 4 In-tank product 82.4 0.8 20.5 56.1 59.5 —0.1N Raw concentrate 100 1.17 28.37 100 100 Anthranilic acid 3 Foam product 6.9 1.32 40.0 6.9 6.2 NaCl or Na 2 SO 4 In-tank product 93.1 1.32 45.0 93.1 93.8 —0.2N Raw concentrate 100 1.32 44.65 100 100 Pyrite concentrate 4 Foam product 4.18 18.58 - 29.7 - Anthranilic acid In-tank product 95.84 1.91 - 70.3 - Raw concentrate 100 2.6 - 100 - 5 Foam product 4.5 20.0 - 41.5 - NaCl-0.1N In-tank product 95.5 1.33 - 58.5 - Anthranilic acid Raw concentrate 100 2.17 - 100 - NaCl—0.05N 6 Foam product 5.0 12.3 - 30.6 - Anthranilic acid In-tank product 95.0 1.51 - 69.4 - Raw concentrate 100 2.01 - 100 - 7 Foam product 3.4 21.22 - 28.3 - NaCl—0.05N In-tank product 96.6 1.80 - 71.7 - Anthranilic acid Raw concentrate 100 2.55 - 100 - 8 Foam product 5.3 17.74 - 43.3 - Na 2 CO 3 —0.1N In-tank product 94.7 1.3 - 56.7 - Anthranilic acid Raw concentrate 100 2.17 - 100 - As can be seen from the table, sodium ortho-aminobenzoate is a highly selective collector for the separation of non-ferrous metal sulfides from the mixed concentrate of pyrite. In the presence of a collector, the addition of an electrolyte (NaCl, Na 2 SO 4 ) or the like will affect the yield of the concentrate. Under the condition of no collector, the flotation of non-ferrous metal sulfides in the electrolyte solution was always unsatisfactory. In the separation flotation concentrate, the recovery rates of copper and silver were 6.9% and 6.2%, respectively. It is also not enough to use only one amino acid collector to float the fine-grained sulfide minerals of these metals, and the recovery rate is only 12% to 12.5%. In this case, the effect of the combination of the selective collector and the low concentration electrolyte solution (0.1 eq/L or less) on the flotation index must be studied, as the prior test has identified that high concentrations of salt in the slurry phase hinder The attachment of the amino acid collector to the surface of the selected mineral. Reducing the initial concentration of the electrolyte to 0.05 gram equivalents per liter causes a decrease in the recovery of non-ferrous metal sulfides in the foam product. The main copper-bearing mineral - chalcopyrite, in sodium carbonate solution, has a floating ability even without a collector, while in sodium sulfate and sodium chloride solution, no collector can not float. The main sulfide minerals - pyrite and arsenopyrite, do not float in Na 2 SO 4 and NaCl solutions even at the corresponding saturation concentrations; in Na 2 CO 3 solution, only These minerals float in a concentrated solution close to saturation. The use of these properties promotes the better separation of pyrite, arsenopyrite and non-ferrous metal minerals during flotation. The hydrophobic interaction of the collector and the coordination of the electrolyte solution can only separate the dissociated non-ferrous sulfide minerals from pyrite and arsenopyrite. At the same time, the grade and recovery of non-ferrous metals in foam products depends on the extent of mineral dissociation. Thus, in this case, the recovery of silver and copper selected from the arsenic pyrite and pyrite concentrate is 40.5% to 44%. A finished copper concentrate with a grade of more than 26% can be obtained from the pyrite concentrate. It can be seen that in the flotation process, the combined use of selective collector and electrolyte solution can improve the recovery of non-ferrous metals in the separation flotation concentrate, and can remove a small amount of non-ferrous metals and precious metals from pyrite and arsenic. The pyrite is sorted out from the main ore.
Service Scope: Steam Turbine spare parts supply; steam turbine installation, inspection & overhaul, technological upgrading, turbine technology training, turbine low oil pressure renovation, turbine rotor shaft bend restoration, lower turbine`s vibration and noise, remove speed governing system abnormal volatility or load swing, solve turbine insufficient output, discontent load or other common/exceptional faults.
Contract to overhaul and all kinds of turbine`s remould, turbine dynamic balance and so on, for satisfying practical operation requirements.
Provide technical support and service for operation, inspection, maintenance, accident treatment and so on.
1. Steam Turbine Maintenance/Overhaul Service
Steam turbine normal overhaul, failure treatment; main body components repair, heat exchange tubes of cooler replacement and so on.
2. Technical guidance
Generating or Industrial driving turbine inspection, overhaul, upgrading and other items technical guidance.
3. Thermodynamic System Optimizing Services
For operating or planning projects or equipment, according to end users` actual CHP(or heat-work cooling) requirements, make cycle efficiency analysis, provide system optimizing service.
4. Speed Governing System Remould
Upgrade old hydraulic governing system to digital electro-hydraulic governing system, satisfy flexi-ble configuration all kinds of control strategy requirement.
5. Flow Passage Optimization and Modification
Total modification for steam turbine shall increase old turbine`s economic efficiency with advanced technology, service life also shall be extension.
6. Turbine Parameters Remold and Modification
Apply to processing or procedure transformation (or project site change) cause turbine operation parameters` change.
7. Uncontrolled extraction steam reconstruction
Consideration of turbine security and economic, open a hole for extraction steam normally in order to heat supply reformation.
8. Steam Turbine Engineering Service
Provide small & middle size Steam Turbine Generator or industrial steam turbine complete set engineering, project design and project installation service.
9. Vibration Analysis and Rotor Dynamic Balance
24Hours Service for emergency vibration analysis and wide range rotor dynamic balance service at project site or back to factory.
10. Condensing (extraction condensing) type remodel to back pressure type
Condensing (extraction condensing) steam turbine remodel to back pressure steam turbine
11. Steam Turbine Vacuum System Upgrade
Condenser three-dimension design and upgrade, reduce heat-transfer temperature difference, increase steam exhaust vacuum degree, improve turbine economic efficiency. Water cooling remodel to air cooling.
12. Steam Turbine Enlargement Capacity Reconstruction
Reconstruct the turbine`s capacity which are caused by system or equipment changing.
13. Motor Speed Governing Variable-frequency Remould
Variable-frequency drive remould for pump systems of all kinds of industrial and mining enterprises.
14. Domestic Equipment Reconstruction
Domestic equipment reconstruction for imported turbine
15. Circulating Cooling Water System Optimization and Modification
Optimization and modification of operating circulating cooling water system, reduce operation energy consumption rate.
16. Waste Heat Steam Turbine Gland Seal System Upgrade
After upgrade, steam leakage ( effect gear box oil quality) shall be improved by the reason of waste heat parameters are not stable.
17. Spare Parts Marketing
Normal easily damaged parts warehouse, shorten delivery time.
Case 1
A fertilizer company has 2 sets of steam turbine, model are: CB6-3.43/1.27/0.294 and CB6-3.43/1.17/0.294. Because end user`s power load and steam consumption are changed, the turbines must be reconstructed according to steam parameters, flow change and guarantee high efficiency.
Remould Parameters: turbine max. inlet steam is 100t/h, when inlet steam is 97t/h and inlet pressure is 3.15MPa(g), its extraction steam is 62t/h extraction pressure is 1.51MPa(g), exhaust pressure is 0.21MPa(g), guarantee output is 5800KW (deviation±5% ).
Main job of remould and overhaul:
1. Casing was sent back to manufacture`s factory for rebuilding 2 valve seat hole, expand nozzle block steam passage.
2. Change nozzle block, take out guide blade carrier.
3. The original double row governing stage impeller and blade was changed to single row governing stage impeller and blade, add governing stage sheath, parts of rotor sleeve need to be changed and adjusted.
4. LP stage 3rd diaphragm steam passage inspection optimization.
5. Casing and rotor dismounting and assembling in factory with comprehensive inspection.
6. Rotor low speed dynamic balance test.
7. Governor static test in factory, overspeed test.
8. Dismount & assembly, overhaul at project site.
9. Clear incrustation for steam governing valve, nozzle and blade.
10. Gland seal inspection and replacement, gland sealing clearance adjustment, change the seal block which was severe wear, spring leaf which are damaged should be changed.
11. Every bearing repair and adjust.
12. HP & LP governing steam valve grinding, stroke adjustment.
13. Front bearing pedestal dismounting and inspection, patch oil leaking points.
14. Inspection and patching steam leaking of HP steam governing valve link rod.
15. Turbine mainbody troubleshooting.
After remolding is complete, the 2 turbine sets are running very well.
Case 2
There is a paper mill which has a set of steam turbine: B6-3.43/0.981. Due to processing consumption in workshop and load were changed, the end user request reset new back pressure and achieve the best efficiency within the shortest time.
Parameters reform to: when rated inlet flow: 55t/h, inlet pressure: 3.43±0.2MPa(a), exhaust pressure: 0.59MPa(a), steam rate guarantee value must be 11.65kg/(kw·h), output power must be 4700KW under rated working condition. The reconstruction project is a turnkey project, from preparing components to dismount heat material, equipment dismounting and installation, till to equipment commissioning successfully.
For reducing the work amount, keep casing and pipelines still, main jobs are following:
1. Change front & rear gland seal and diaphragm seal.
2. Change main shaft assembling (keep mail oil pump and coupling still).
3. Change HP nozzle block, HP guide blade carrier and original 2 stage diaphragm, add 3 stage diaphragm, 5 stage diaphragm adopts special design for satisfy the requirement.
4. Change the original 3 stage impeller and add another 3 stage impeller.
5. Steam governing valve link rod adjust inlet steam, check all butterfly valves matching conditions, improper ones should be changed.
6. Original rotor`s coupling, MOP shall be mounted in new rotor.
7. Rotor balance.
8. Change sylphon of governing system.
9. Change pressure transducer sleeve, adjust hydraulic servo-motor stroke.
10. Governor static test in factory.
11. Clear oil system.
The reconstructed steam turbine is B4.7-3.43/0.59, end user evaluates steam rate, vibration, exhaust temperature very strictly, but the reconstructed steam turbine is running very well and fully meet the design performance.
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