[China Agricultural Machinery Industry News] Grain production is “12 consecutive increasesâ€, and the per capita possession of various agricultural products in China is also among the highest in the world, but it is costly. For example, pesticide abuse, food safety issues, agricultural competitiveness are not enough, there are problems of agricultural production increase, import increase and inventory increase, “three increasesâ€, more and more low-end agricultural products are slow-moving, etc., to solve these problems, it is necessary to vigorously Develop smart agriculture with advanced technologies such as smart devices, Internet of Things, cloud computing and big data.
The future development of smart agriculture still needs the government to set up a platform.
As a kind of agricultural production mode that integrates protection of ecology and development of production, wisdom agriculture implements soil-based formula fertilization, scientific application of pesticides, agricultural water-saving irrigation, promotes the utilization of agricultural waste resources, and achieves rational use of agriculture. Resources, reduce pollution, improve the ecological environment, that is, protect the green mountains and green waters, and achieve green safety of products. In a broader sense, smart agriculture also includes agricultural e-commerce, food traceability and anti-counterfeiting, agricultural leisure tourism, agricultural information services, etc. content.
Wisdom agricultural infrastructure has a promising prospect
From the perspective of development law, smart agriculture is a modern and advanced production mode. Agricultural development has experienced four stages. The first and second stages of agriculture are manual and mechanical stages. Farmers use mechanized production, which does not represent the varieties grown. In terms of production, the use of various resources such as pesticides, fertilizers, and water is in place, as well as the improvement of planting techniques. The direction of agriculture entering 3.0 or even 4.0 is to master the whole process including soil, environment and plant growth, and the wisdom era should be able to manage the growth process of crops more intelligently.
How to realize smart agriculture can learn from Japanese agriculture. In Japan's agriculture, 97% of Japanese farmers' vegetable fields are under 3 acres, and the supply of agricultural products is highly dependent on imports. This is very similar to China's small-scale peasant economic structure. China has basically borrowed from Japan's experience in developing smart agriculture. In large-scale operations and farming and animal husbandry, we can learn from the experience of large agricultural countries such as the United States.
According to the characteristics of Japan's development of smart agriculture, the first is that the government should develop the farm's information system and establish a sound agricultural market information service system. And through the application of computer network development to monitor and guide the development of agriculture in real time. The agricultural technology information network system developed in Japan in the past two years, with the help of public telephone networks, private communication networks, and wireless paging networks, large-capacity processing computers and large-scale database systems, Internet network systems, meteorological information systems, greenhouse unmanned systems, agriculture Production management systems, personal computer users, etc. are linked. Relevant personnel can inquire and utilize various data of the network at any time.
At present, China is doing a good job in informatization. At present, the proportion of broadband in administrative villages in China is 95%, the capacity of broadband access in rural areas is basically 4 megabits per second (Mbps), and the number of rural netizens has increased to 195 million. The rate has increased to 32.3%. The website of the Ministry of Agriculture timely and accurately publishes information on policies and regulations, industry trends, agricultural science and education, market prices, agricultural materials supervision, quality and safety, etc., with an average daily hit of 8.6 million person-times, covering agricultural portals at the provincial, provincial, prefecture and county levels. Basically built. The central platform of the 12316 “Three Rural†comprehensive information service was put into operation, forming a departmental collaborative service network. The service scope covers the whole country, and the annual average number of consultation calls is over 20 million.
The agricultural informatization scientific research system was initially formed. The newly released "13th Five-Year Plan for the Development of National Agricultural and Rural Informatization" revealed that the Internet of Things technology is expected to receive subsidies from the Ministry of Agriculture and the Ministry of Finance in the 200 modern agricultural demonstration zones identified by the Ministry of Agriculture. . And focus on the first try. In the future, the overall level of rural informatization will increase to 35% in the next five years, agricultural production informatization will increase to 12%, business information will reach 20%, management level will reach 60%, and the overall level of agricultural informatization will reach 50%.
Second, we must complete the agricultural science and technology production information support system. Small farmers do not have scientific research capabilities. In Japan, 29 national agricultural research institutions, 381 local agricultural research institutions, and 570 local agricultural improvement and popularization centers have all been networked. According to the variety and regional characteristics, the cultivation points of the main crops can be inquired in detail on the Internet. Among them, 570 local agricultural improvement popularization centers and agricultural associations or farmers can conduct two-way online consultation. Moreover, Japan is gradually improving its online trading system for agricultural materials and agricultural products sales.
Since 2008, the country has allocated 3 billion yuan to the nationwide network of organizations that develop modern agricultural technology. The network was founded from 50 universities, 340 research institutes, 200 companies, and more than 2,000 agronomists. At the same time, China has a technical promotion team covering more than 700,000 people covering all fields of agriculture.
The construction of the discipline group of agricultural information technology has been steadily advanced, and two comprehensive agricultural agricultural technology technology laboratories, two specialized key laboratories, two enterprise key laboratories, two scientific observation experimental stations, and a large number of scientific research institutes have been established. Institutions of higher learning and IT companies have successively established research and development institutions for agriculture-related information technology, and have developed a number of core key technology products, and their technological innovation capabilities have been significantly enhanced.
Even so, turning so many research results into a large number of small farmland practices remains a serious challenge. At present, the conversion rate of agricultural scientific and technological achievements in China is only 30%-40%, far lower than 65%-85% in developed countries. Its ability to promote public services at the grassroots level is still weak.
From hardware and software equipment, agricultural core technology, intelligent equipment research and development and integration applications have made major breakthroughs, field planting, facility horticulture cultivation, livestock and poultry aquaculture, agricultural machinery operations, animal and plant disease prevention and control intelligent level significantly improved, suitable for agriculture, convenient Farmers' low-cost, light-simplified, and "fool" information technology has been widely promoted and applied.
At present, China's agricultural industrialized production has not been widely popularized. The means and methods of agricultural data collection, transmission, storage and sharing are backward. Agricultural IoT products and equipment have not yet achieved mass production, supporting the grading of e-commerce development. Infrastructure such as packaging and storage, cold chain logistics, etc. are very weak.
In the future, the prospect of smart agriculture in China is very broad. In 2013, the industrial scale of China's smart agriculture reached 400 billion yuan, and in 2015 it reached 600 billion yuan. Smart agricultural technology has been widely used in greenhouse greenhouse cultivation, aquaculture industry, agricultural product traceability and many other fields.
This is just an application in the production field, and it will play a bigger role in the circulation and sale of big data.
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