Forage mechanization faces bottlenecks and many shortcomings need to be filled
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[China Agricultural Machinery Industry News] China is a grassland country, and the grassland area accounts for two-fifths of the country's land area, but the grassland development level is not high. As an important part of the grass industry, pasture has a low level of mechanization, which restricts the improvement of grassland quality and competitiveness. What are the bottlenecks facing pastoralization? How to improve the level of mechanization in China?
Forage mechanization faces bottlenecks and many shortcomings need to be filled
Not long ago, the Qinghai Provincial Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Machinery Promotion Station, the Qinghai Provincial Grassland Terminal, and the Heka Farming Sheep Farm in Qinghai Province jointly held a mechanized field day activity for pasture production in the Heka Pastoral Development and Experimental Station in Xinghai County, Hainan Province, mainly including green fodder. Work demonstrations of a series of supporting machinery such as harvesting, spreading, weeding, and bundling.
In recent years, pasture production has become a fast-growing emerging industry in Qinghai, and it has also become a highlight of the adjustment of agriculture and animal husbandry and the increase in income of farmers and herdsmen. In the process of rapid development of this industry, pasture machinery has played an irreplaceable role, but there are also many problems. How to crack, still need to continue to explore.
Short board one: system and technology
There are many mechanistic operations in forage production, and the technical requirements are high. The degree of mechanization directly affects the economic benefits and development of the pasture industry. Zhao Delin, director of the Agricultural Machinery Promotion Station of Qinghai Province, said that vigorously developing mechanization of pasture production will not only effectively promote the development of pasture industry, but also the need to develop mechanization of agriculture and animal husbandry.
From the current situation of the development of pasture industry in Qinghai Province, there are many problems that need to be solved, whether in pasture planting, harvesting, processing and product circulation. Insufficient production capacity, imperfect service system, weak industrial development, especially the unclear application system of mechanized technology in pasture production, severely constrained the development of pasture industry. Xu Zhenlin, a researcher at the Agricultural Machinery Extension Station of Qinghai Province, said that mechanization in the development of pasture industry is the key. However, Xu Zhenlin also said that in the development of mechanization of pasture production, there are more and more problems.
The reporter combed a bit, the main problems are manifested in the following three aspects: First, the development of pasture mechanization technology can not keep up with the pace of grassland ecological construction, Qinghai large pasture no-till planter can only complete the grass within 200,000 mu The re-broadcasting task has a big gap with the Qinghai grassland ecological protection requirements. Second, the forage production equipment is difficult to accurately locate, and there are many kinds of supporting equipment. The pastoral machinery operators are blind and have poor economic benefits. The third is suitable for Qinghai pastoral areas. The mechanized production and management mode and technical model of pasture have not yet been established.
Xu Zhenlin believes that to solve the problems in the system and technology, the first is to attach great importance to the mechanization technology of pasture production from the technical point of view, to introduce key equipment for research and development, and to explore the integration and assembly of complete sets of mechanized technology; Large households and agricultural machinery service organizations are production mains, implementing order-type pasture production, sub-regional processing and storage, and forage product supply. The new large-scale forage mechanized production and management model suitable for Qinghai grassland ecological animal husbandry production characteristics; Third, the establishment of scientific forage products The line, and the development of the use of mechanized technology, clear the development direction of forage production mechanization.
Chen Yuhu, secretary of the Heka breed sheep farm in Qinghai Province, suggested that it should increase support for state-owned farms and large-scale agricultural machinery service leading enterprises. They have both capital and technological advantages, as well as superior conditions for pasture planting bases. Demonstration brings action, but also explores systems and technical models that can be replicated and promoted.
The reporter also learned that in order to speed up and standardize the mechanization of pasture production, Qinghai Provincial Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Department will strive to introduce the “Guidelines on Mechanization of Qinghai Province Forage Production Technology†in 2017, and form relatively complete policy support and technical specifications.
Short board two: policy and talent
In the reporter's interview, whether it is a cooperative service for agricultural machinery services, a family farm, or a large planter, the same issue is mentioned in the same way – the purchase subsidy for imported pasture machinery. Some said that imported pasture machinery can not enjoy the purchase subsidies, while others said that they can enjoy some purchase subsidies, but the subsidies are relatively low.
Chadyun is a large forage planter in Gangcha County, Qinghai Province, mainly planting oat grass. He told reporters that the current planting of 3,000 acres of oat grass has been mechanized from seed to tube to harvest, and the agricultural machinery used is mainly domestic. However, domestic agricultural machinery is prone to quality problems, which increases maintenance costs. However, the price of imported pasture machinery is too high and there is no subsidy, which is difficult for individuals to bear.
Regarding the subsidy for foreign imported forage production machinery, the reporter specially consulted the “Guiding Opinions on the Implementation of Agricultural Machinery Purchase Subsidies for 2015-2017†(hereinafter referred to as “Opinionsâ€) formulated and issued by the Ministry of Agriculture and the Ministry of Finance in 2015, and interviewed Qinghai Province. The relevant person in charge of the Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Machinery Administration Bureau.
In the "Opinions", the qualifications for subsidized machine products are clearly stipulated, and the subsidized machines must be products produced within the territory of the People's Republic of China. In addition to the new product subsidy pilot, the subsidized machine should be a product that has been effectively promoted at the ministerial or provincial level. The relevant person in charge of the Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Machinery Administration of Qinghai Provincial Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Bureau said that it is necessary to enjoy the purchase subsidy in the catalogue. Purely imported forage machinery cannot enjoy the purchase subsidy, and some foreign pasture machines with assembly lines in China can enjoy the purchase subsidy.
To this end, the relevant experts suggested that the pure imported pasture production equipment should be included in the purchase subsidy, the special regional differentiation treatment should be implemented, and the differentiated subsidies for the pure imported equipment that must be purchased should be differentiated, so as to enhance the purchasing power of each business entity and reduce its production. cost.
These days, it is the harvest season of the Bofeng Agricultural Machinery Service Professional Cooperative Grassland Base in Yuzhong County, Qinghai Province. In addition to busy harvesting, looking for sales, the head of the cooperative, Bao Kui, has to take care of the machines in the company. Bao Kui said: "The cooperatives are basically imported machinery from abroad. Although the quality is good and the efficiency is high, there are few professional commissioners. There are many people who know the general knowledge of machinery, but there are fewer people who can thoroughly understand. â€
Xu Zhenlin told reporters that after 1990, there were fewer and fewer talents who came out of the class and entered the agricultural machinery system, and even there was a fault. At present, as far as Qinghai Province is concerned, no more than 10 people are proficient in pasture machinery. With the continuous development of Qinghai pasture industry, the shortage of talents in pasture machinery has become a difficult problem, and one of the urgent tasks is to focus on cultivating talents.