The impact on all diesel engines and high sulfur fuels is very important
AIP Use Ratings The American Petroleum Institute (AIP) has established a method for classifying lubricant performance with different types of engines and different types of use. Each performance rating was verified by engine experiments. Sulfuric acid ash and total base sulfate ash are lubricant properties measured by laboratory tests (ASTM-D874) used to determine the potential for formation of metal ash. The residual ash is related to the composition of the engine oil additive, and it is important to predict that the lubricant may cause valve damage under certain conditions. Sulfuric acid ash is related to the total base value. The BTN is also a laboratory test value (AsTM D 28% or 4738), which measures the alkalinity of the engine oil and its ability to neutralize acids. When TBN increases, sulfate ash increases, lubricant BTN exceeds 10, and sulfate ash may exceed 1.0%. The total base number is important for controlling the deposition of a four-stroke engine and its effect on all diesel engines and high-sulfur fuels. During the oil change cycle, the oil deteriorates due to combustion products and engine pollution. Some components in the lubricant and additives slowly decrease until they are used up. Therefore, irrespective of the formula of the oil, the oil must be regularly drained. The length of the oil change cycle varies with the operation of the engine, the quality of the fuel, and the quality of the lubricant. In general, shortening the oil replacement period can extend the life of the engine by quickly replenishing the protection quality in the lubricant. When replacing the oil, be sure to install a new engine oil filter. Do not replace the imported filter with a simple copper mesh, otherwise it will cause great damage to the engine. A Blind flange is round plate which has all of the relevant boltholes but no center hole, and because of this feature this flange is used to close off the ends of a piping systems and pressure vessel openings. It also permits easy access to the interior of a line or vessel once it has been sealed and must be reopened. Blind Flange,Forged Blind Flanges,EN1092-1 Blind Flanges,Forged Steel Blind Flanges Shandong Zhongnuo Heavy Industry Co.,Ltd. , https://www.zhongnuoflange.com
The blind flange is used to close ends of piping systems. It is a kind of round plate with no center hold but with all the proper bolt holes. This blind flange is available in various sizes and materials and is used to provide positive closer on the ends of pipes, valves or equipment nozzles. This flange helps in easy access to a line once it has been sealed. The blind flange is sometimes custom made or machined to accept a nominal sized pipe to which reduction is being made.