Lead Zinc Research Lechang lead-zinc ore flotation separation process sulfur
Huang Lihuang Wu Guanshou Wu Heyan Huang Xinglian
Abstract: The process route, small-scale test, industrial test, industrial production and dosage of the new process of lead-zinc-sulfur flotation separation of lead-zinc ore are described. The new process can significantly reduce the cost of tons of minerals and improve the technical indicators of lead, zinc and sulfur, and can achieve significant economic benefits.
Key words: lead-zinc sulfur flotation separation; new inhibitor; new process
Lechang Lechang city-owned lead and zinc for the mining, beneficiation plant process about 400t / d, experimental research in Guangdong University of Lechang mine commissioned after 1996, replaced by high alkali concentration plant flotation process, the flotation of lead and zinc, Zinc tailings are re-elected for sulfur. Later, the mine relied on its own strength to re-elect sulfur for flotation. In the condition of raw ore containing lead 1.5%, zinc 5.5%, sulfur 26%, lead concentrate grade is 57% to 60%, lead recovery rate is 80% to 82%, zinc concentrate grade is 50% to 51%, zinc The recovery rate is 88.5%～91.5%, which greatly reduces the drug consumption, improves the selection index of lead, zinc and sulfur, and has achieved obvious economic benefits. The main problem in the high alkali process is that the lime dosage is as high as 22kg/t, the unit consumption of the collector and activator is still high, the cost of the chemical is 16 yuan/t, and the amount of zinc tailings is 5kg/t. The xanthate is as high as 600g/t, and only 60% of the zinc tailings enter the sulfur selection, and the rest enter the tailings pond.
In order to overcome the shortcomings inherent in the traditional process of high-alkali medium lead-zinc-sulfur flotation separation, we have jointly carried out research on the new process of lead-zinc-sulfur flotation separation commissioned by Lechang Lead-Zinc Mine. The experimental design, exploration test, small test, industrial test and industrial production up to 8 months have shown that the new process carries out the separation and flotation of lead and sulfur under the condition of pH 11~12, and the zinc tailings are added with a small amount of ammonium bicarbonate and xanthate. Compared with the high alkali process, the cost of tons of minerals can be reduced by about 5 yuan, and the grades of lead concentrates, zinc concentrates, sulfur concentrates and corresponding recovery rates are improved to varying degrees, and extremely significant economic benefits have been achieved. The new inhibitor K 202 is colorless, odorless, non-toxic, soluble in water, low in dosage and good in environmental benefits. The process is stable, easy to operate, reliable in index, and adaptable to ore. It can completely replace the high alkali process for lead-zinc-sulfur flotation separation of lead-zinc ore.
1 ore nature
Lechang lead-zinc ore mine sulfur for the plurality of metal sulfide ore, mainly metallic minerals pyrite, iron sphalerite, galena and sphalerite. The gangue mineral is calcite . Secondly, it contains a small amount of limonite, leucite, quartz , biotite , chlorite, and iron ore. The associated useful components are silver , cadmium , tellurium , gallium, and the like.
Pyrite is self-shaped, he-shaped, milk-like, beaded, fine veins. Some are filled with sphalerite and galena, and are distributed along the sphalerite, cleavage or intergranular distribution.
The sphalerite and the iron sphalerite are in the form of granules and contain a large amount of granulated pyrite and a small amount of pyrrhotite solid solution decomposition products, so that the sphalerite and the iron sphalerite are in a milky granular structure, which is very small and difficult to solve. from.
The galena is mostly granular, often filled with pyrite, sphalerite, and iron sphalerite, so its continuous growth with surrounding minerals is extremely irregular, requiring finer grinding size.
Silver is mainly found in galena, and cadmium, antimony and gallium are mainly found in sphalerite.
2 small test
2.1 Process route
The technical route of the new process is: adding a small amount of lime and a new inhibitor K 202 and a small amount of mixed collector to the grinding machine, adding a small amount of mixed collector and foaming agent in the overflow of the classifier, under the condition of pH 11-12 Lead rough selection is carried out to achieve effective separation of lead and zinc sulfur, and high-quality lead concentrate is obtained after the selection of lead crude concentrate. Copper sulfate and activated sphalerite Marmatite lead tailings with without adding any inhibitors of zinc rougher xanthate pH9.5 ~ 10.5 at conditions effective to achieve separation of zinc and sulfur, coarse and fine zinc After the ore is selected, high-quality zinc concentrate is obtained; after dehydration and de-sludge of zinc tailings, a small amount of ammonium bicarbonate and xanthate are floated to obtain high-quality sulfur concentrate.
2.2 Small test procedure
Refer to the high alkali production process and simplify it appropriately. The closed circuit test process is shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1 small test closed circuit process
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2.3 Small test results
Small-scale test carried out grinding time, lead coarse selection of lime, lead coarse selection of K 202 , lead coarse selection of mixed collector, lead selection 1 lime dosage, lead selection 1 mixed collector dosage, zinc rough selection Optimization of the conditions of copper sulfate dosage, zinc crude butyl yellow dosage, zinc selective 1 lime dosage, zinc selective 1 butyl yellow dosage, sulfur crude butyl yellow dosage.
Grinding fineness is selected from high alkali production grinding fineness of 82%-74μm, mixed collector is thia ammonia mixed with butyl xanthate 1:1, K 202 dosage is 200g/t.
The closed-circuit test agent dosages are listed in Table 1, and the closed-circuit test indicators are listed in Table 2.
Table 1 Small closed circuit test dose / ( g · t -1 )
Drug name | lime | Butyl xanthate | Sulfur ammonia | Pine oil | Copper sulfate | K 202 |
Dosage | 8000 | 430 | 40 | 85 | 100 | 200 |
The small test successfully completed the tasks stipulated in the contract and reached the predetermined targets.
Table 2 Small closed circuit test indicators /%
product | Yield | Grade | Recovery rate |
lead | Zinc | sulfur | lead | Zinc | sulfur |
Lead concentrate Zinc concentrate Mineral mud Sulfur concentrate Tailings Raw ore | 2.16 9.01 10.76 44.43 33.64 100.0 | 58.57 0.37 0.35 0.30 0.17 1.53 | 3.70 55.21 0.30 0.59 0.17 5.41 | 22.87 32.25 11.32 43.09 2.70 24.67 | 82.90 2.16 2.49 8.72 3.73 100.0 | 1.48 92.03 0.59 4.85 1.05 100.0 | 2.00 11.78 4.94 77.60 3.68 100.0 |
3 industrial test
3.1 Industrial test process
The industrial test procedure was slightly changed on the basis of the small-scale closed-circuit process. The lead sweep was selected three times and the zinc was selected four times. After the zinc sweeping tailings were removed from the water and mud by a cyclone and a thickener, the sulfur was selected. The sulfur sweep was changed twice.
3.2 Industrial test dose and technical indicators
The industrial test doses are listed in Table 3. The industrial test technical indicators are listed in Table 4. The table also lists the dosages of the high-alkali process production indicators from January to July 1999 and the corresponding technical indicators.
The industrial test sulfur concentrate grade is 43.17%, and the sulfur operation recovery rate is 91.15%, which is equivalent to the sulfur index of the high alkali process.
Table 3 Industrial test dose / ( g · t -1 )
System | Lead zinc system | Sulfur system |
lime | Butyl xanthate | Sulfur ammonia | Pine oil | CuSO 4 | Ds | K 202 | 310 yellow medicine | Sulfur ammonia | Pine oil |
New process industry test High alkali process January to July 1999 | 8000 20590 | 175 338 | 60 91 | 140 84 | 240 248 | 0 55 | 150 0 | 265 530 | 2210 4430 | 40 40 |
Table 4 Industrial test lead and zinc technical indicators /%
Process | Product | Yield | Grade | Recovery rate |
lead | Zinc | lead | Zinc |
New process industry test indicators (30 classes) | Lead concentrate Zinc concentrate Zinc tailings Raw ore | 2.62 11.77 85.61 100.0 | 62.60 0.78 0.22 1.92 | 2.96 51.44 0.50 6.56 | 85.43 4.78 9.79 100.0 | 1.18 92.40 6.42 100.0 |
High alkali process production index (January-July 1999) | Lead concentrate Zinc concentrate Zinc tailings Raw ore | 2.43 10.53 87.04 100.0 | 58.55 0.81 0.22 1.70 | 2.56 51.87 0.48 5.94 | 83.34 5.02 11.64 100.0 | 1.05 91.79 7.16 100.0 |
According to the data in the table, compared with the high alkali process, the new process test has a lower dosage. According to the mine plan price, the cost of the ton of minerals is reduced by 4.6 yuan, the grade of lead concentrate is increased by 4.05%, and the lead recovery rate is improved. 2.09%, the zinc concentrate grade is 0.43% lower, the zinc recovery rate is 0.61% higher, and the sulfur index is equivalent, but the amount of zinc tailings entering the sulfur system is increased.
4 industrial production
4.1 Process
After the industrial test was successful, it was transferred to industrial production. The production process was improved as follows: (1) The lead-sweeping one was selected to return to the lead, and the third tank was changed to return to the second tank for rough selection to increase the flotation time; (2) Change the grit nozzle of the zinc tailings cyclone from the original 12mm to 35mm, the cyclone sinking sand into the sulfur rough selection agitation tank, the cyclone overflow to the tailings reservoir, cancel the thickener, and facilitate the operation and Energy saving.
4.2 Industrial production dose and technical indicators
Industrial production (August 1999 to March 2000) 8 months of pharmaceutical consumption is shown in Table 5, 8 months of industrial production technical indicators are listed in Table 6, sulfur indicators are listed in Table 7. The table also lists the dosage of the high-alkali process industry and the corresponding technical indicators from May 1996 to July 1999.
Table 5 Industrial production dosage / ( g · t -1 )
Process | Lead zinc system | Sulfur system |
lime | Butyl xanthate | Sulfur ammonia | Pine oil | Copper sulfate | Ds | K 202 | 310 yellow medicine | Sulfur ammonia | Pine oil |
New process (8 months) High alkali process (39 months) | 9550 18350 | 180 356 | 43 67 | 100 95 | 226 275 | 0 55 | 130 0 | 260 500 | 2500 4500 | 40 40 |
Table 6 Lead and zinc indicators for industrial production /%
Process | product | Yield | grade | Recovery rate |
lead | Zinc | lead | Zinc |
New process (August 1999 to March 2000) (8 months) | Lead concentrate Zinc concentrate Zinc tailings Raw ore | 2.903 11.084 86.013 100.00 | 58.96 0.74 0.24 2.00 | 3.11 51.32 0.49 6.20 | 85.58 4.10 10.32 100.0 | 1.45 91.75 6.80 100.0 |
High alkali process (May 1996 to July 1999) (39 months) | Lead concentrate Zinc concentrate Zinc tailings Raw ore | 2.264 8.931 88.805 100.0 | 57.54 0.94 0.24 1.60 | 2.67 50.87 0.48 5.03 | 81.43 5.25 13.32 100.0 | 1.20 90.32 8.48 100.0 |
Table 7 Industrial production sulfur index /%
Process | product | Yield | Sulfur content | Sulfur recovery |
New process (August 1999 to March 2000) (8 months) | Sulfur concentrate Tailings Give mine | 47.71 52.29 100.0 | 42.17 3.31 21.85 | 92.21 7.79 100.0 |
High alkali process (May 1996 to July 1999) (39 months) | Sulfur concentrate Tailings Give mine | 59.14 40.86 100.0 | 46.06 5.50 25.94 | 91.34 8.66 100.0 |
From the data in the table, the new process can greatly reduce the amount of inhibitors, collectors, and activators compared with the high alkali process. According to the Lechang mine plan, the cost of the ore dressing can be reduced by about 5 yuan.
Compared with the high alkali process, the lead concentrate grade of the new process is 1.42% higher, the lead recovery rate is 4.15% higher, the zinc concentrate grade is 0.45% higher, the zinc recovery rate is 1.43% higher, the sulfur concentrate grade is 2.11% higher, and the sulfur operation is recovered. The rate is 0.87% higher.
5 Advanced technology and application prospects
Compared with similar processes at home and abroad, the new process has the following characteristics: (1) The pH value of each flotation operation of lead, zinc and sulfur is much lower than the flotation pH value of the same operation in the same process, and the foam is crisper, which is beneficial to the main metal mineral. And the recovery of associated gold, silver, etc., can improve the recovery rate of useful components such as lead, zinc, sulfur and the corresponding concentrate grade; (2) can greatly reduce the amount of lime, xanthate, copper sulfate and ammonium bicarbonate, It can greatly reduce the cost of tons of minerals; (3) only add a small amount of lime and a new inhibitor k 202 in the ball mill at one time, no additional inhibitors are added to each flotation operation, which is conducive to production management and stable operation; ) It can make full use of the process and equipment of high alkali process to realize new technology, low cost of technical transformation and easy to promote; (5) strong applicability to ore, small fluctuation of ore grade has little effect on flotation index; (6) K 202 is colorless It is odorless, non-toxic, easy to dissolve in water, low in dosage, easy to manage and use.
The project was organized by the Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Commission to organize technical experts, which was the first of its kind at home and abroad. Its first performance is as follows: (1) rough lead selection under conditions of pH 11-12, effective separation of lead from zinc and sulfur; (2) rough selection of zinc at pH 9.5 to 10.5 to achieve zinc and sulfur Effective separation; (3) After de-cementing of zinc tailings, only a small amount of ammonium bicarbonate and xanthate can be used to effectively float sulfur and produce high-quality sulfur concentrate.
We have carried out small-scale tests or exploration tests on some other samples of lead-zinc sulfide ore, and have achieved satisfactory results, which proves that the new process can be applied to all lead-zinc ore dressing plants, and the application prospect is very broad.
6 conclusion
The new process of lead-zinc-sulfur flotation separation has experienced the trial design, exploration test, small-scale test, industrial test and industrial application in Lechang lead-zinc mine in Guangdong Province. The industrial production of 8 months has proved that the new process can be completely completed. Instead of the lime high alkali process for industrial production, the various flotation indexes of lead, zinc and sulfur obtained by the new process are higher than the corresponding indexes of the high alkali process, and the cost of the new process can be reduced by about 5 yuan, and the economic benefit Very significant. The new process is stable, easy to manage, easy to operate, small fluctuations in the index, and has strong applicability to ore.
With the promotion and application of new technologies and the continuous accumulation of production experience, the new technology will be improved day by day, and will achieve greater economic and social benefits.
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